Penerimaan CPNS Kota Bandung 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kota Cirebon 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kota Depok 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kota Bekasi 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kota Bogor 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kota Cimahi 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kota Sukabumi 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kabupaten Bandung Barat 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kabupaten Cianjur 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kabupaten Tasikmalaya 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD Kabupaten Karawang 2009
Penerimaan CPNS Kabupaten Bandung 2009
Penerimaan CPNS Kabupaten Cirebon 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Subang 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Sumedang 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Bekasi 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Indramayu 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Majalengka 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Garut 2009
Penerimaan CPNSD kabupaten Bogor 2009

NB: Bagi Kabupaten/kota/provinsi yang linknya belum aktif, data masih dalam proses uploading…Silakan kembali lagi beberapa saat lagi

Introduction

Structural poverty is often defined as an inability to access opportunities in the community who can make himself into the wall. Effect of advanced structural poverty are very many, among the mampuan community in the middle to lower access to basic education to higher education. This condition is caused by the poor become increasingly termarginalkan in various aspects of life, including in the field of education.
The correlation between poverty with education lies in the inability of the poor in meeting the costs soar. The cost of education in Indonesia is relatively expensive, both in the primary level to university. To enter kindergarten or elementary school favorite favorite course should be able to pay the cost of the million. Not to mention when to resume a higher level, they will be burdened with the cost-dependent charge. Especially now, the status of universities in Indonesia have started turning to BHMN, which means that there is full autonomy in the hands of PTN itself. Included in determining the cost of education, because the government no longer provides subsidies up to the PTN.
Problems of poverty and education in Indonesia rather not get the attention of the government. Various policies have been issued by many, from the School Operational Assistance (BOS) to 20% budget increase for education. Moreover, free education policy slowly began to also have applied from basic to secondary education. Many of the policy is intended to mengeliminir many Indonesian children who can not because of high education costs.
However, the problem is at this time, it appeared that all the programs that effect the government has not yet been able to overcome the problem of poverty in Indonesia. Many of the BOS funds, abuse occurs when it is up to the hands of the school, so that school children do not fully get their rights. Increase the education budget should be only 20% through the stages can be complicated to be realized because the government seemed half-hearted in the education budget. Budget can be realized when the government approaching the 2009 elections, when pencanangannya already since 2006. Begitupun with free education would be a boomerang for the school administrator, because isolated areas can not yet ready to merealisasi concept. How may, with the condition that the quality of schools and facilities can be minimal operational budget to pay for school, if there is no income. Ketikapun have income from the Regional Government, for example, this is often hampered due to the accessibility of government schools in the city is very low.
Not blame the government, because it is in theory each policy issued contain certain risks and not be able to satisfy all parties. But, that happened in Indonesia is making a mistake due to the partial government the problem of education in Indonesia. In addition, every policy issued impressed nuances populis only for the sake of political elite-elite particular. And the implementation phases in the field, it often occurs in the implementation of the policy.
The phenomenon is on the tragedy sekelumit education in Indonesia. How in fact, until the second we have not been able to find concrete solutions to achieve and to supply the children of the nation. Poverty is still a fundamental problem of a country that this mismanagement. And effects of poverty is very unusual indeed for the education our nation. Quality of human resources our country is well below other countries in the world, even under the Philippines and Malaysia. This problem will not be missed, if there is no commitment and hard work of the government and all the components of this nation together to eradicate poverty in Indonesia. As kesejahteraanlah, the children of our nation will be of a quality education.
Because of that, research in the field of education is needed for the next input can be a material consideration or for the government to issue a policy. Learning from the failed policy implementation as already described above, we can assess that the root of the problem may not only be on the expensive school fees or not, but on the poor’s access to education facilities. Policy on free education, for example, this concept will not probably be done with maximum if applied in remote areas and poor in Indonesia. This concept is only Awang akan mengawang-only, because of the poor in remote villages, the policy is not very useful. Logikanya, how they may be able to study in school quality and free, if only to leave the school have to travel the hour. Even outside of Java should be adopted in a matter of days.
This means that there are errors in the implementation of education policy by the government. Free education policy, can not digeneralisir to all regions in Indonesia. So, the need to research and analysis in depth of this problem, so that the government issued a policy that can be targeted. In this case, research to see Accessibilty poor and remote areas in Indonesia to the education facilities are not required to happen by government policy mistakes.
Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the devices the system can be used to analyze the location and distribution Accessibilty area of a particular problem area. With GIS, we will be able to see the extent to which Accessibilty rural poor in particular regions of the problems of social, educational, economic, health, and so forth. By using data that already exist in the BPS, we can create a distribution map of the village poor and the field of aksesbilitasnya akan we examine. So, researchers need not-so difficult to retrieve data in the field.
Gunungkidul is a district in Yogyakarta that is still minimal in the case Accessibilty citizen to education facilities. In general, the income per capita population in the region is still minimal. Percentage of households pre-prosperous and prosperous 1 ranged from 18% -93%. This indicates that the district welfare level is still very low.
In the case of education, the number of schools in Gunungkidul from primary level up to menegah still minimal with the low quality as well. Many villages have no means of education, because of geographical Gunungkidul that the area was part of the forest and agriculture. In the district, there is a new 4 (four) villages that have 8 (eight) Elementary School (SD). For junior-high school average of each village have not yet, only some villages have only a junior-high school facilities, the amount itupun only one (1). Meanwhile, in order to reach the schools, the community still can not utilize public transportation facilities, because the number of transportation in the villages to the city is still very minimal.
With GIS, we will be able to see the distribution to the villages in the poor and Gunungkidul Accessibilty their means of primary education up to secondary. With the results of this research, we also will be able to assess that educational policies can be issued by the government so it is not appropriate because the government’s lack of understanding of the problem Accessibilty. So that in future the government can issue a Gunungkidul District policies related to the lack of educational facilities in the region, so that people in poor villages can easily access the basic facilities of education up to secondary. In fact, research using GIS analysis of this material can be a reference for research in other areas in Indonesia with the same condition Gunungkidul district.
In general, poverty is often linked to the lack of food, clothing and board by the particular community. Moreover, poverty can also be associated with the lack of access to other areas outside the economy, such as education and health. Some experts and institutions in various countries, defines poverty in subjective and comparative, others see it in terms of moral and evaluatif, and the other to understand poverty from the point of a well-established scientifically. The term “developing countries or third world countries” is often used teoritisi the West for his “poor countries”.
At the next stage, the concept of poverty to be growing. Many social scientists assume that the concept of poverty which is issued by the World Bank and some experts who become a man of the World Bank and UNDP (as the capitalist) is very misleading. Poverty is seen as something that arises from the individual to strive shiftlessness needs-needs that can be met. In fact, assume that the culture and values of the local wisdom in developing countries such as Indonesia as a barrier to exit from the cycle of poverty. So then, on the other berkembanglah definition of poverty.
In his book, Poverty, Planning and Social Transformation, CT Kurien regard poverty as the lack of, but not only that. Poverty is lack of means for the many and prosperity for the few. He considers poverty as:
“The social economy, where resources are used to satisfy a few, while many who can not meet the basic needs of their own. The concept of this show a corner of the view that poverty is the first social event, and new yuang second event is a physical or material. “

Structural poverty
Poverty here is not intended that the poverty experienced by an individual because he is lazy to work or because he was constantly ill. Poverty so that this is the individual, not structural.
Poverty is structural poverty suffered by the community as a social structure that people can not participate in the sources of revenue that is actually available for them.
Group so that for example consists of farmers who do not have their own land, or the farmers who own land so small, so the result is not enough to feed himself and to his family.
Cultural Poverty
Culture is a culture of poverty in the traditional anthropological sense is where it reflects a pattern of life, or the settlement of a series of solutions ready to address problems faced by mankind, and therefore he runs a significant function of adaptation.
Ask for alms is one of the strategies of cultural forms of poverty made by poor people with the request of the other people that are considered more capable.
Culture of poverty is more defined as a lack of enthusiasm or willingness to work in order to improve his life. So, not because he was not able to access sources of income.
Inability of the poor to access education opportunities are more caused by structural effects of poverty. In this case where the government / schools as the source / educational opportunities, not to open selebar-selebarnya opportunities to the poor. For example with the standard cost which is very high so that the middle to lower masayrakat not able to fulfill.
Effects of uneven development in the community, also cause the poor can not afford the opportunity to access education facilities. Infrastructure development that is not evenly distributed among regions can cause difficulties for the residents can reach the means of basic education up to secondary. Due to lack of adequate transportation facilities, educational facilities, away from the village where all this is a constraint for the public to be able to access education.
Standard Accessibilty Education Facilities
In consideration of the selection density function area and access to two very important. Established in the area of education access and consideration of a density in the area also became very important in perencanaannya. This is explained in the standard theory of the selection area of education in general (Robert, 1996):
1. Contribution to the appreciation of culture and local traditions.
2. School as a social venue that contribute to tolerance.
3. Contribute to the health environment (environment, human visual and thermal capacity).
4. Have perlinduangan against children, such as movement (movement).
5. Provide support to the progress of the environment
6. Able to give protection against a future generation capable of maintaining the relationship between generations and the environment itself.
In the case of the other achievements of that settlement to the school environment are also important considerations. These matters include:
1. Achievement must be able to provide security to the child, whether thermal, visual, incident, and crime.
2. Accessibility kesekolah from the environment can give experience to the children, both of ingkungan and activity around like trasportasi moda, the feasibility of a pedestrian is able to provide keyamanan.
3. Health and cuality of life
This includes the social community that contribute to children’s understanding of the environment and quality of space is able to support parents to provide understanding of the child.
Conditions Gunungkidul District
Here is an explanation of the geographical conditions, and residence in the District kependidikan Gunungkidul accessed from the District government website Gunungkidul DIY:
1. Geographical Condition
Gunungkidul district is one of the districts in the Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta, with its capital Wonosari. The area of the District Gunungkidul 1485.36 km2, or approximately 46.63% of the area of Yogyakarta Province. Wonosari city located in the southeast city (capital city of Yogyakarta Province), with a distance of ± 39 km. Regency Gunungkidul District is divided into 18 villages and 144
2. Residence
Gunungkidul District population projections based on the Population Census 2000 and Census 2005 Population Census of the year 2007 amounted to 685,210 inhabitants spread in 18 districts and 144 villages, with a total population that is most Wonosari District with 75,517 inhabitants. Overall population of women more than men’s population, the 349,799 women and 335,411 men.
View the status of the main job, most people work as a District Gunungkidul family workers around 36.56% of the population who work. While trying to remain with the worker, is still very small at around 0.80%.
3. Education
Gunung Kidul in the number of primary school until the middle is still minimal. SD of a number of 461 units, some 117 private elementary units, 59 units of junior high school, junior high schools and 61 private units. Number of junior high school in the district Gunungkidul are very limited, the number of villages in the District Gunungkidul is 144, the distance from the village to the junior high school facilities are also far enough, while the means of transportation have not been adequate. Nearest distance only a maximum of 17 km from some villages in Gunungkidul. And means of transportation that most people are used motorcycles, which are relatively expensive, the terminal is still little (7 pieces) se Gunungkidul.
Condition above shows that the level Accessibilty Gunungkidul residents in the District of education facilities is still very minimal. So, the need to have a new breakthrough for the government to immediately create a policy associated with this problem.

Introduction

As agrarian country, the largest population of Indonesia as the main search-eyed farmer. This means that the source of economic and social governance is highly dependent on the production and products. Thus, the issue of agriculture is indeed a basic problem for the people of Indonesia. Agricultural problems are important indicators to measure the level of welfare of the Indonesian people as a whole.
Ironically, talking about the fate of farmers are always not far from the poverty, backwardness, low health, quality of life from hand to mouth, and other things that show how the condition of the farmers are always in a state of the memperihatinkan. Poverty is not a new problem in the life of Indonesian society. Various kinds of business has been done by the government of Indonesia to mengentaskan problem of poverty. One effort is the reduction of poverty with a community empowerment program conducted in all regions in Indonesia that is for the people of the city and the community. However, the problem of poverty in Indonesia also have not resolved until now, even the number of poor people increasing?
According to the statement Nugroho (in Danang Arif Darmawan, 2004: 80), there are several definitions of poverty-dimensional views of some, namely:
1. Poverty berdimensi economic
• absolute poverty, a condition where the level of income a person or group of people can not bring the basic needs such as clothing, food and board.
• Poverty is relative, the condition can meet the basic needs, but income is still below the relative income residents in the surrounding areas.
2. Poverty berdimensi social culture
Poverty is shown by terlembaganya values as apathetic, apolitis, fatalistic and others.
3. Structural poverty berdimensi or Politics
Poverty caused people do not have the means to engage in the political process, have no political power, social structure so that occupied the bottom.
The three dimensions of poverty in the community down, and usually have the inherent pattern of thought, culture, and they finally occupied by people who have more of them, either by the owners of capital and local government (in the form of political poverty).

Farmers reservoir conditions Irrigated Rain Cilacap in the West Region
One of the farmers’ poverty reduction program of the government is to empower the farmers through the program KUT (farm credit). KUT entry program in the western part of Cilacap in 1999. Pogram assistance given to the farmer community in the form of fertilizer and rice seed. Farmer groups formed by rural local government areas according to their agricultural land. One group of ten people sebnayak. Each group has rules that differ.
Initial condition of the farmers rain cistern Cilacap didaerah the west, initially they do economic activities in agriculture self-help, meaning they rely on in the farm income in previous years with the land that they have average is 100 to 200 tiles (1 tile = 14 m2). itupun if successful harvest if they do not depend on the loan through the loan fund. Circumstances experienced by rice farmers community cistern rain is very far from the prosperous conditions and poverty have become a part of life that is hereditary for the farmers there.
After the KUT, the condition of the farmers have began to change. Where they have been able to escape the loan sharks, and can also put the child even if only up to the junior level.
Estimate the harvest of rice during the harvest, once a year can be seen as follows: Income rice harvest in the rice fields once the harvest reservoir hujandalam maximum is six kuintal rain cistern for the rice fields of 100 tiles. While the price of rice for one kuintalnya is Rp 270,000.00. Thus, the gross income of rice harvest: kuintal × 6 = Rp 270,000.00 Rp 1,620,000.00
For treatment:
Fertilization: (5 kg fertilizer × manure 1600/kg Rp): Rp 120,000.00
Piracy: Rp 200,000.00
Drugs Pests: Rp. 50.000,00
1 bag of rice seedling (assistance from the government): Rp 7000.00
Number of treatment: Rp 377,000.00
To bersihnya income = gross income – the cost of care
= Rp. 1,620,000.00 – Rp 377,000.00
= IDR 1,243,000.00
For the dry season, people are usually farmers or soybean planting palawija, with palawija harvest is 25 kg for the 100 area tile. So, in a year get peani income of Rp 125,000.00 Rp 1,243,000.00 + 1,368,000.00 = Rp. Income farmers to cover the cost of living for one month is Rp 1,368,000.00: 12 months = Rp 114,000.00.

KUT Program Implementation

KUT is one of the empowerment program for poverty reduction and the peasantry were grouped by village local governments according to the location of their agricultural land. One group of farmers as much as ten people. Every farmers’ groups have rules that differ. And forms of assistance provided to farmers in the form of seed rice and fertilizer. If the purchase of cash, a bag of rice seeds valued Rp 7000.00. However, if the seeds of rice through a loan, at the time refund is returned after the harvest, farmers return to double that of paddy valued. For example, if farmers take the two bags of rice seed (10 kg of rice seeds), then at the time of the return of farmers to return to 20 kg of rice. Begitupun with the borrowing of fertilizer, if fertilizer farmers borrow one kuintal, then after the harvest of rice farmers have to return with a kuintal rice. If you predict the development of the economy now, the condition of farmers in the loss. This is because, the price of fertilizer that is high Rp 160,000.00 per kuintal almost the same as the price of rice kuintal, namely Rp.270.000, 00. So there is only difference between Rp 110,000.00.
Results from the development which is managed by farmers for farmers to develop the business back. With the available funds in the treasury group of farmers, the farmers can buy the fertilizer re-lent to the farmers, to improve the roads, so that their harvest can be sold with a price that is not low.
During the implementation of the program KUT, had done counseling for 15 days, the first time the program was held KUT. With the counseling is expected that the farmers can make a good system of agriculture and agricultural products that have satisfactory. But, for the farmers assume that the counseling program is too theoretical and did not bring results if dipraktekan. Counseling on rice pest eradication is recommended not to use chemicals, but recommended to use more natural materials in order not to endanger human health. Pest eradication wereng do with the making of jengkol herb that has been destroyed, and disemprotkan the rice does not give any effect on the pest is the rice. The second experiment is the use of walangsangit put the paste on the cans so that the smoke and then burned walangsangit can dispel. This experiment was not successful. In the end, the farmers still use the long way to combat pests of rice with the chemical drugs that can quickly eradicate pests from the rice they do not harvest.
The presence of paramedics should be able to increase agricultural paradigm or concept of agricultural farmers. in reality, the presence of paramedics in the agricultural district level for farmers is less effective. This is because the mantra is in the agricultural kecematan there is only one room with a working area that is a vast district eleven villages. Monitoring or counseling mantri farmers against agricultural activities are rarely conducted. But farmers are hoping the paramedics farm could be the place for consultation or agricultural agriculture provides more information. For example, information about the planting period for rice cistern rain, because the natural environment can not be predicted well by traditional farmers. So, it is likely to fail to harvest a little more likely.
KUT this travel program, to provide the very presence of help for farmers in the running pertaniannya. Nevertheless, management does not always run KUT mulus. Some of these constraints experienced congestion, diversion of funds Management and others. Credit bottlenecks usually occur when the farmer does not harvest, so that the condition of the farmers are really in famine conditions. Famine season arrived when the farmers harvest failed, both exposed to pests or infected wereng flood or drought. Conditions, farmers will be very difficult to make repayments. Because the demand for food are not necessarily there.
Although the development fund in the treasury group KUT amount is not too large, the case of misuse of funds remain in Management. Human nature is different and easy to forget when dealing with money is also experienced by the management group KUT. Results KUT refund in the form of a two-fold seed, fertilizer or any borrowing used in the planning for the development of welfare. For example, for the purchase of the stove mice, but the realization of farmers in the community does not exist. When dikroscek back on the financial reports, answers established a fund has been exhausted for the development of the other.
Economic activities of the farmers are usually focused only on the pertaniannya. They must work in full pertaniannya, while the farmer’s wife treated their children at home. The mothers can not menyambi other jobs because their children are small and many. Except, their children are great, the women farmers can find additional work to become a laborer or laborers gardens.
Life of rice farmers from the community reservoir diCilacap the western part of the rain is very far from kesejahtaeraan. View from the economic dimensions of poverty, rice farming community cistern rain conditions, including poverty in absolute and relative poverty. The absolute poverty seen in the conditions of farmers can not meet the basic needs of both, with pertaniannya income for a month only Rp 114,000.00. Needs for food only, the rain cistern rice farmers are still very far from the standards of good nutrition, especially the needs of clothing and papannya, can be spelled out is very simple. The need for education of their children an average of only primary school or junior high school only. Their lives during this very tertolong once with free education up to primary and junior high schools as well as assistance for the costs of ill treatment of the poor. While relative poverty visible automatically with the income they earn very much from other people who do not have as main farm, such as self-employed, traders, employees either private or nation.
View from the cultural point of view of poverty, rice farming community cistern rain still very institutionalize values of their culture such as, attitude is more accept (pasrah) with which they do business, depending on the natural condition, not optimistic, do not like the things that new business in agriculture (afraid to try, and so on. And if hasi reap the benefits of the harvest, quickly satisfied and have a feeling that if you have to cut weight advantage as their credit repayments.
Structural poverty perspective tergambarkan by poor farmers. When they feel tricked with the development fund of cash that is not terealisasikan KUT, the farmers can not ask for their rights back. They do not have the right to obtain a financial report transparently. But, whatever the situation apaboleh made, small farmers will take help from KUT. Because there are no other options. If it does not take a loan from KUT, not necessarily they will be able to raise it again.
In the process of counseling, the farmers also experienced Structural poverty. When the farmers are considered people who do not know what the problems with agriculture, but in reality the practice is not necessarily a problem can be overcome. Even if viewed from the point of view of theory, the instructor is better than the farmers. Took the position that has shown superior picture Structural poverty in small groups of people.

Conclusion
In the implementation of sustainable farming community should have a place for guidance seutuhnya in community empowerment. Low education, a lack of insight caused weak mental development with maintaining the old attitudes. In addition, the experience will be minimal does not make them grow in the field of agriculture that they do. Less innovative in the sense they do not support the government program with a program of empowerment. With the institution as a special place to learn and accommodate the aspirations of the community of farmers expected more farmers to develop himself into the wall and out of poverty. Not only support the capital, but the assistance of agricultural education, assistance and monitoring of the empowerment of farmers is necessary to complete the community and the farmers can fully mendiri.

Advice
Empowerment of the community expressed by Dubois and Miley that in its implementation required an assistant who will facilitate the KUT program for farmers. Assistant role here as a facilitator, not to menggurui. Society will still decide to define themselves. Therefore, the necessary awareness of the farmers without exception. The process of empowerment will be running a dynamic, synergistic, and will change from time to time. The role of assisting in the empowerment Spergel (1975), Zastrow (1996) and Adi (2001) is as follows:
1. Pemercepatan changes (Enabler)
2. Broker (Broker)
3. Education (Edukator)
4. Experts (Expert)
5. Social planner (Social planner)
6. Advocat (Advocate)
7. Activist (activist).
According to James C Yen an assistant should be: the people came, people live together, learn from people, people plan together, work together with people. Start with what people know, build what the people, with ajarilah example, learn to work with, but not exhibit the pattern, but it ignites, but change is not a compromise, not help, but the exemption.
The need to empower the strategy are:
1. Strengthening the Organization
This is done with all the potential resources mendayagunakan ability and skills to achieve the social change in community groups. One of the modalsosial for their assistance with the management of funds that are self-KUT until they can develop the fund so that it can grow properly.
2. Need assistance in the management of the farm so that, if there are difficulties about the problems of agriculture, farmers can consult the community with farm mantri. In addition, it should be done is intensive for the group of farmers who get help to avoid misuse or abuse occurred in the fund group of farmers.
3. It is expected that the government can share the funds that go down to the pump can provide for farmers to overcome the drought in the dry season.